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Load–velocity profile generator

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exercise
units
1RM velocity (m/s)
bodyweight
KG
INPUT · WORKING SETS
ENTER 3+ SETS TO PLOT
e1RM · absolute
× BW

ENTER 3+ SETS · POSITIVE-LOAD, FALLING-VELOCITY DATA

Create your own load–velocity profile from velocity-based training data. Estimate 1RM, track progress over time, and see how well you're training each lift.

FURTHER READING

Velocity Based Training for Powerlifting

Plug in a few sub-maximal sets — load on the bar, mean velocity at that load — and the line through them tells you almost everything you need to program the next four weeks. Where it crosses minimum velocity threshold (MVT) is your estimated 1RM. Where it crosses your day’s target velocity is the load you should be using.

0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 6080100120140160 Reps completed Load velocity profile VELOCITY (M/S) LOAD (KG)
Sample profile from a working squat session.

What this calculator does

  • Takes 3–6 sets of (load, velocity) data and fits a line through them.
  • Returns: estimated 1RM at MVT, load for any target velocity, a saveable profile chart, and slope as a single number.
  • Compares today’s profile against a baseline from a previous session — to see if you’re getting stronger, fatigued, or technically inconsistent.

How to use it

  1. Pick a lift. Profiles are lift-specific.
  2. Run a warm-up plus 3–6 sub-maximal working sets, ideally spread across 60–90% of estimated 1RM.
  3. Record load and the fastest representative rep’s mean velocity for each set.
  4. Drop the points in. The calculator does the rest.

Worked example

Say you run four squat sets and record the mean velocity of the fastest rep in each:

LoadMean velocity
60 kg0.88 m/s
100 kg0.65 m/s
120 kg0.50 m/s
140 kg0.35 m/s

The line through those points loses about 0.0075 m/s for every kilo added. Squat MVT is roughly 0.30 m/s, so to drop from 0.35 m/s (at 140 kg) down to 0.30 you add about 7 kg, giving an estimated 1RM near 147 kg. The same line also reads forwards: want to train at 0.50 m/s today? That’s 120 kg. The profile is both your 1RM estimate and your daily load picker in one line.

Minimum velocity threshold by lift

Where the line crosses MVT is your 1RM estimate, so the threshold you use matters. Typical population averages, useful as starting points until you measure your own from a real max:

EXERCISE NOVICE ELITE Back squat 0.35 0.20 Barbell row 0.50 0.40 Bench press 0.30 0.15 Deadlift — conventional 0.25 0.12 Deadlift — sumo 0.25 0.10 Deadlift — trapbar 0.45 0.30 Front squat 0.45 0.25 Overhead press 0.35 0.20
Typical 1RM minimum velocity threshold by lift, novice to elite.

These are starting points, not your numbers. A measured MVT from an actual 1RM attempt is always more accurate and is what makes the profile genuinely individual.

FAQ

How many sets do I need to build a load–velocity profile?

Three is the minimum to fit a line, and four to six is better. Spread them across roughly 60–90% of estimated 1RM so the line has a wide base to sit on. Too narrow a load range and small velocity errors swing the projected 1RM hard.

What velocity should I use as the 1RM threshold?

The minimum velocity threshold (MVT) is lift-specific: roughly 0.30 m/s for back squat, 0.20 m/s for bench press, 0.20 m/s for deadlift. These are population averages. Your own MVT, measured from an actual 1RM, is more accurate and is what makes the estimate truly individual.

How often should I rebuild my profile?

Every three to six weeks, or whenever the loads at a given target velocity start feeling off. Profiles shift as you get stronger (the whole line moves right) or fatigued (the line drops). Comparing a fresh profile to a baseline is the fastest read on which is happening.

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